Personal Philosophy of Leadership Free Essays

Individual Philosophy of Leadership Being a pioneer is more than basically holding an authority position or being able to lead. Everybody is equipped for being a pioneer, yet not every person practices their initiative capacities. Each person’s thought of initiative is unique. We will compose a custom paper test on Individual Philosophy of Leadership or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now My concept of authority has created after some time, and being an individual from the President’s Leadership Class has helped me build up my way of thinking of administration farther than what it was two months prior. My own way of thinking of administration is the capacity to impact change through showing others how its done, stepping up to the plate, and empowering others. There have been numerous things that have influenced my way of thinking of administration. Something that has influenced me as a pioneer is my qualities. One of my guiding principle is obligation. As a pioneer, it is significant I comprehend what to do and what is anticipated from me. At the point when I am dependable as a pioneer, those I am attempting to lead are all the more ready to do what I request that they do. Another of my qualities is regard. Previously, I am consistently decent and tune in to the thoughts of others regardless of whether they are not the least demanding individuals to be near. I would say, it has been simpler to acquire the regard of my constituents when I regard them also. My center convictions will keep on impacting my conduct as a pioneer later on. The improvement of my authority reasoning has additionally been an aftereffect of viewing my pioneers. One pioneer that has influenced me a great deal has been my dad. At the point when my mother was determined to have Lou Gehrig’s infection, he did everything he could to assist. He took steady consideration of my mother, kept on telecommuting, and helped me with school while never griping. I attempt to carry on as he did in my influential positions. I do everything readily and help out as much as could be expected under the circumstances. I intend to keep cynicism out of effectively unpleasant circumstances and do whatever it takes not to gripe. My pioneers at school, both great and awful, have additionally influenced my style of authority. They helped me realize when I have to kick back and let those I am attempting to lead assume responsibility and when I have to assume responsibility for the circumstance. Viewing the awful pioneers do things I didn't concur with urged me to challenge to process and change things when I turned into a pioneer. There have likewise been individuals who have inspired me to be a pioneer, particularly my secondary school symphony executive. Toward the finish of my lesser year, my chief called me into his office and revealed to me he would be moving me from the principal violin area to the subsequent violin segment. He said he realized I hushed up in the rear of the primary violin area, yet he could see I had the authority aptitudes important to sit in the front of the subsequent violin segment. This truly propelled me to attempt to do right by him the following year at the front of the area. A wide range of parts of my life have influenced my initiative way of thinking. I need others to have the option to see my initiative way of thinking at work. To do this, it is significant that I have the option to interface with those I look to lead, as â€Å"The Relational Leadership Model† states, â€Å"Relationships are the point of convergence of the administration process† (Komives, Lucas, amp; McMahon, p. 74). One way I plan to build up a relationship with my devotees is by â€Å"Modeling the Way† (Kouzes, Posner, 2008). I will do this by explaining my qualities and showing others how its done. Explaining values is significant on the grounds that â€Å"To win and continue individual believability, one must have the option to obviously express profoundly held beliefs† (Kouzes, Posner, 2008, p. 9). By explaining my qualities, those I look to lead will comprehend my crucial will trust I have an objective as a main priority. Showing others how its done will assist me with having a superior relationship with my supporters since it makes â€Å"a atmosphere that makes it feasible for everybody to adjust themsel ves to shared values† (Kouzes, Posner, 2008, p. 38). At the point when pioneers don't try to do they say others should do they free their believability, and I need my supporters to have the option to pay attention to me. I might want my adherents to have the option to interface with me and to adjust their qualities to mine. Through â€Å"Modeling the Way†, I need to have the option to have a decent connection with my supporters. My way of thinking of initiative will likewise influence my future as a pioneer. I will put an accentuation on my qualities on the grounds that â€Å"a cognizant spotlight on qualities ought to be at the center of any administration improvement effort† (Cilente, p. 45). One of my future standards I lead with will be to ensure everybody in the organization’s values line up with mine. How might I have the option to make any procedure when everybody in the gathering needs something different? This is something I had never considered being an individual from the President’s Leadership Class. The President’s Leadership Class has helped impact my way of thinking of authority. I have taken in my qualities and shortcomings of initiative through the class. Subsequent to doing my first reflection paper, I discovered that my most vulnerable region of administration is â€Å"Inspiring a Shared Vision. † This helped shape my administration reasoning by causing me to understand the significance of imparting my yearnings to the gathering. I have discovered that I should be stronger with my considerations. This is one territory I plan to enhance n my future as a pioneer. I plan on doing this through training. I might be awkward from the outset, be that as it may, in the long run, it will fall into place easily for me. The Social Change Model of Leadership says, â€Å"A pioneer isn't really an individual who holds some proper situation of authority or who is seen as a pioneer by others†¦Leadership can't be portrayed basically as far as the conduct of the individual† (Komives, Wagner, p. 45). My meaning of authority is the capacity to make a positive change in the public eye and have the option to get others eager to see that change. I need to be the epitome of that definition to other people. At the point when others take a gander at me, I need them to have the option to state I set a model, have clear achievable perspectives, and cause everybody to feel like they are adding to the association. My own way of thinking of administration is essential to how I act as a pioneer. It has taken a very long time to create to what it is today and it is continually evolving. Numerous parts of my life have influenced my way of thinking of initiative from my qualities, to pioneers throughout my life, and individuals who have inspired me. I will keep on building up my administration with theory as I experience new initiative encounters. References Komives, Susan R. , Lucas, Nance, amp; McMahon, Timothy R. (2006). Investigating Leadership: For College Students Who Want to Make a Difference. Jossey-Bass. Komives, Susan R. , amp; Wagner, Wendy. (2009). Initiative for a Better World: Understanding the Social Change Model of Leadership Development. John Wiley amp; Sons. Kouzes, James M. , amp; Posner, Barry Z. (2008). The Student Leadership Challenge: Five Practices for Exemplary Leaders. San Francisco, California. Jossey-Bass. Step by step instructions to refer to Personal Philosophy of Leadership, Papers

A Pilot Study On Classroom Observation Education Essay Free Essays

string(161) sentiment of schoolroom mood would be noted as H ( high ) , F ( jamboree ) , or L ( low ) to check whether schoolroom air is identified with allegory usage. Part 4 This part depicts a pilot overview led after the primer review and before the central study. It starts by a short presentation given in region 4.1, trailed by medicines on the example decision, perception plan and pre and station meeting interviews in region 4. We will compose a custom exposition test on A Pilot Study On Classroom Observation Education Essay or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now 2. Area 4.3 spreads the schoolroom perceptions. Motion cryptography, including the composed content, coding employments and strategy, and outcomes of the cryptography are remembered for development 4.4. Conversation and choice focusing on schoolroom perception and figurative motions are shrouded in development 4.5. The part finishes with the conclusions for the central study investigated in development 4.6. 4.1 About the Pilot Study This pilot study based on an old minimal graduated table starter review ( part 3 ) . The reasons for existing were: ( a ) to see existent clasp schoolroom perception ; ( B ) to validate and better the perception plan and meeting requests ; ( degree Celsius ) to inquire about whether Chinese music educators utilized allegorical signals and assuming this is the case, what these analogies were and where they were utilized ; and ( nutrient D ) to validate and create figurative motion assignment processs. The point of convergence was restricted to music Sessionss in middle schools in light of the fact that in the fundamental study, more illustrations were found from the lesser degree than from the basic degree. The data of this pilot study were deciphered from three general music Sessionss taken by Wang, a music educator in a middle school in Taiwan. 4.2 Before the Observation 4.2.1 Sample Selection Arranged in an in the middle of to upper-center class suburb of a significant northern city, Wang ‘s school was established in 1988, with 4,268 students and 113 classifications in 2006. It is viewed as an enormous school, near to the official standard of 1,299 understudies for every middle school in Taiwan for the school twelvemonth 2005-2006 ( Department of Statistics, Ministry of Education of Taiwan ) . The informations were gathered when all is said in done music classifications with understudies matured somewhere in the range of 12 and 14. Every class contained around 35 students, and talk was the solitary kind of association watched. The outcomes of the starter overview indicated that representation thickness may contrast in light of learning content. Along these lines the Sessionss watched for this pilot were restricted to music hypothesis, music history, and music handle. Wang ( an anonym ) had gotten her MA in musicology four mature ages prior and since so had been learning music in a similar middle school. Bing truly receptive about taking bit in inquire about and being watched, Wang was one of the extremely first music teachers I reached for the primer review. Since so she had been useful in answering my requests and providing me foundation data about the situation of music guidance in middle school degree in Taiwan. After the starter overview, I messaged her to ask her authorization for me to come in her schoolroom and video-record a pair of Sessionss, and she consented to participate. Music exercises structure part of the Humanistic orders and Humanities class in middle schools in Taiwan ( see region 2.4.1 ) , and henceforth music, humanistic teaches, and executing humanistic controls parcel one content version. â€Å" The humanistic orders region arrangements about using distinctive colorss to represent the four seasons, and the music region dealings about Vivaldi. So it happened to me that it ‘s a decent opportunity to give a discussion on the Baroque age and present Vivaldi ‘s The Four Seasons to them, † ( Wang, pilot talk with 2 ) . At the clasp when this investigation was composed, MOE of Taiwan did non flexibly one â€Å" standard † variant of the content release, and schools were allowed to take the adaptation they liked. Wang in this way all the time planned the substance of her exercises. â€Å" The content release references nil about the Baroque age so I make my ain PowerPoint slides to help understudies set up the foundation perception † ( Wang, a similar meeting ) . Educators are permitted to re-organize the request for the guidance substance and set related things together. In certain schools, music teachers need to pick up executing humanistic orders, yet this was non the case in Wang ‘s school, where there were three single educators for the three plane classs: music, humanistic trains, and executing humanistic orders. 4.2.2 Observation Schedule and Interviews After Wang consented to participate in the overview, I disclosed to her about the examination through electronic mail. She comprehended that the examination was about schoolroom talk and henceforth recommended me to put the perception cut at a hebdomad after the mid-term test, when she was around to introduce the Baroque age to her understudies. One month before the schoolroom perception, Wang and I met to talk which classes to recognize, including when I ought to get, where I ought to sit and how best to set up the account establishment. In add-on, Wang roughly clarified what kind of schoolroom exercises would be included and what she proposed to realize. Wang was enlightened that the overview was regarding schoolroom talk and the idea was to distinguish a meeting with each piece a lot of talk required as could be expected under the circumstances. She subsequently recommended Sessionss mainly covering music history and music handle. This gathering is classed as pilot talk with 1 ( f or progressively inside informations, see Appendix B ) . A continuous perception plan was planned, with a purpose of partner the schoolroom exercises and allegory utilization. As can be seen from the plan ( see Appendix C ) , both beginning and terminal occasions of the exercises should have been determined and during every movement, runs of representations and signals should have been made, with the goal that I could secure a fundamental feeling of where bunchs of allegories and motions most much of the time happened ( however in the occasion it demonstrated about unthinkable for me to number them during classifications, something which will be talked about thusly in 4.6.1 ) . In add-on, the perception plan secured: organization of the classification, stuffs, and instruments utilized, and the semantic correspondence utilized by the teacher and understudies. A general sentiment of schoolroom vibe would be noted as H ( high ) , F ( festival ) , or L ( low ) to check whether schoolroom climate is identified with illustration utilization. You read A Pilot Study On Classroom Observation Education Essay in classification Exposition models A subsequent meeting ( pilot talk with 2 ) with Wang was directed in the wake of identifying the three Sessionss. The eye to eye semistructured meet took topographic point in Wang ‘s music schoolroom during her interference, suffering 42 proceedingss. Once more, I was allowed to enter it, and at a similar clasp made notes while Wang was talking. A rundown of data or requests I intended to look for or ask, deciphered from Chinese ( the etymological correspondence utilized during the meeting ) into English is annexed ( Appendix D ) . In the meetings, data was looked for about Wang ‘s instructive foundation and working experience, and requests secured how Wang arranged for the classification and meant to elucidate new builds, how Wang pondered analogies and signals, and in the event that she utilized them to help her Teach. Mandarin Chinese was utilized all through the meeting. Notice that the Numberss are for the accommodation of making up the investigation ; the requests w ere asked with no particular request. During the meeting with Wang, the above subjects were secured. To Wang, representation helped the understudies to connect music and their everyday beneficial encounters. She gave a representation of the winged creatures, Canis familiariss, spring air ebb and flow, and summer blast in Vivaldi ‘s The Four Seasons. Be that as it may, she did non ordinarily decipher music in her ain way when presenting or portraying it-† I just deciphered the music in the way which the author set apart on the music original copy † ( Wang, pilot talk with 2 ) . Albeit by and large the meetings went great, it was understood that a few requests were too much broad and more requests about analogy and signals were required. Detailss are talked about in 4.6.1. 4.3 During the Observation For the primary meeting, I entered the music schoolroom with Wang around 15 proceedingss before the meeting started. Wang disclosed to me that on account of the constrained Numberss of music schoolrooms, music teachers in her school needed to take twists using them. It was Wang ‘s twist to hold one of the music homerooms that semester and consequently she was permitted to stay in the room trusting that the students will get. The overabundance cut demonstrated utile from the purpose of position of puting up the image gear. The main hardware in the music schoolroom incorporated a piano, an electronic piano, a writing slate with clean melodic staff, a LCD projector, a DVD member, and a couple of old style instrumentalists ‘ depictions and delineations of instruments on the dividers, and so on. Wang needed to gracefully her ain PC. Figure 4.1 represents the format of the schoolroom where the three watched Sessionss took topographic point. The two dark circles on the top introduction show where the image recording gear was put and where I sat. The image recording hardware began to enter when the students began to stroll into the schoolroom. It was non killed until the classification was excused and the schoolroom was vacant. Neither the teacher ‘s nor the understudies ‘ seats were moved. As a nonparticipant inquire about laborer, I attempted t

2nd Amendment (Right to Bear Arms) Research Paper

second Amendment (Right to Bear Arms) - Research Paper Example The Court deciding likewise says that an individual can utilize guns for ‘traditionally legitimate purposes, for example, self-preservation inside the home’ (FindLaw, n.d.). The Amendment II as passed by the Congress expresses that â€Å"a very much directed Militia, being important to the security of a free State, the privilege of the individuals to keep and remain battle ready, will not be infringed† (refered to in Young, 2007, p.222). The Second Amendment became effective in the second 50% of the twentieth century. As depicted in a web record (‘Constitutional Topic: The Second Amendment’, n.d.), weapon control advocates apparent the Amendment in another manner alluding to the mounting level of brutality in the general public and the pretended by guns in those issues; and as opposed to this view, gun fans asserted that the opponents’ contentions are against people’s opportunity and henceforth they deciphered the second Amendment similarly as furiously. Obviously, a few expressions in the Second Amendment prepared for a progression of discussions. The English Bill of Rights 1689 has significantly impacted the second Amendment to the US Constitution. The option to have arms has been considered as one of the basic normal right all through the English history. In District Columbia v. Heller (2008), the Supreme Court makes reference to the English rights concerning the ownership of arms by peo ple. The developing danger of psychological oppression in Western nations, especially in the United States, legitimizes the Second Amendment. Since US is viewed as inclined to fear assaults since the 9/11, this Amendment would raise the degree of security of US individuals. Alluding to the expanding paces of violations in the nation including burglary, hijacking, and rapes, this Amendment would help individuals to be increasingly self-guarded. Be that as it may, some law experts don't bolster Amendment II contending this would decline the firearm wrongdoings in the nation. As expressed in certain reports (‘The Second Amendment to the United

Mike Nichols Film, Wit Essay -- Film Movies

Mike Nichols' Film, Wit In the movie Wit, coordinated by Mike Nichols, Emma Thompson (Vivian Bearing) is depicted as a lady teacher who had committed her life to educating and examining John Donne and his poems. She was around 48 years of age and was determined to have stage IV ovarian malignancy. This film gave us a portion of the hard choices that Vivian needed to make, for example, when she consents to the radical and excruciating chemotherapy. The film indicated us the progressions she experienced like in her body and psyche (hair, shortcoming, weight, shading and so on.). Mind was a troublesome and terrible film to watch. Before the finish of the clench hand scene I knew where the film was going just by procedure and tone. What number of movies have you seen with a lady determined to have disease, have an upbeat consummation? A large portion of the activity happens in Vivian’s bed. There are a ton of close-ups on Vivian. The camera was all in her face even while hurling. This film helps me to remember one of my preferred motion pictures Ferris Beuler’s Day Off. How, on occasion maybe he was talking right to the camera and the watchers. In the film V...

Summary of the Semester

Summary of the Semester Im a senior! And its November of my senior year at MIT! Crazyyyyy. So many crazy things. So much has changed. So where did it go? Whats been going on? I Moved Off-Campus Me once the frosh obsessed with my living group and my hall and everything surrounding MIT culture, now lives an eight minute bike ride north of MIT. Well, a little longer than that since I sprained my ankle(s). But about eight minutes. I love it. My cat is happier than ever, and Im with my good friend, Dan S. 17, who just got back from a year on leave from MIT. I live right near work, and a great taco place. When I got my first utility bill, I got super excited to be a real person. Like a real person who pays bills. But then I paid the bills, and I wasnt happy anymore. I (Still) Have An Amazing Cat Do you want to see a picture of my cat? Of course you do! SHES SO GREAT! Ive been spending A LOT of time with Rory. Ive grown a little cat crazy. Okay, Ive always been cat crazy. I Work at an Awesome Place I have a job! At Formlabs! I play with liquid photopolymers for about 12 hours each week! And we make pretty resin! Heres a video: Also, we just announced a new printer the Form 2. All super exciting! I really like working part-time at Formlabs. Ive been working part-time or full-time as an intern since this past January, and Ive enjoyed all my time there. Also, my team got me this shirt! Best job ever working with the best people ever :) Cool Classes that I Genuinely Enjoy I actually enjoy all of my classes. Im taking poetry, journalism, experimental writing, and biomaterials: tissue engineering. I really like all of the professors and classmates and discussions and lectures, and I think this is a really great semester class-wise. I hope I can get three of these classes to count towards my major requirements. Fingers crossed!!! I Got a Hamster Her name is Princess Leia!! Shes a princess. She lives in a castle I plan on expanding. I want to buy her a crown. Making Time for Playing Games Twenty-Four Formlings (People who work at Formlabs) started a game of Neptunes Pride a couple of weeks ago, and we have been taking over the universe one star planet thingy at a time. It has gotten violent, with people cursing, offering drinks (someone from Hungary is getting me a chocolate martini when he comes to the states!), and forming alliances and strict enemies. Its really intense. Well, thats mostly it right now, besides actively looking for a full-time job for next year. Ahhhhh the stress!!!!!! To end this post in style, here is a picture of Rory.

Focuse On Al Haramain As One Of The Arabic Perfumes Company - 2475 Words

Focuse On Al Haramain As One Of The Arabic Perfume's Company (Essay Sample) Content: Arabic PerfumesNameInstitutional AffiliationDateArabic PerfumesThe perfume market in GCC has a value of Dh11 billion every year, accounting for nearly 20% of the global market with consumption per capita of perfumes and cosmetics that is amongst the leading worldwide. The industry of perfume deals basically with firms that produce nonalcoholic perfumes, alcoholic perfumes and oils that are essentially targeted toward the domestic and Arab market segment within the UAE (Current awareness in flavor and fragrance, 2009). Currently it is in its phase of maturity with just four great existing market players, with regards to the previous shake outs because of instability for the period of the Gulf War (Bains Middle East Economic Digest Ltd, 2011). The players not only control the market of Arabian Perfume but have a competitive edge as well because of their distinctive dynamics and strategies. This analysis focuses on Al Haramain as one of the Arabic Perfumes company.The h eadquarters of Al Haramain are situated in Dubai, and there are 25 retail outlest within Middle East. While new brands were established and the organization expanded, Al Haramain began selling in Europe, the Far East, as well as the USA. Recently, Al Haramain also started an Oudh plantation in Bangladesh (Al Haramain Perfumes Website, 2014). Basically, Al Haramain caters to the Arabian audience, hence the mainstream of sales come from its Oudh products. This firm provides a broad product line and has a geographical scope that is regionally focused. Globalization is Al Haramains great opportunity (Maidment, 2007). Besides, the UAEs economy is growing steadily and this offers a perfect opportunity for the firm to raise its profits and in so doing, increase its market share (Maidment, 2007). In view of the fact that the internet has turned out to be a global medium of communication (Haan, 2004) Al Haramain must take advantage through inventing online advertising and online selling. Ra sasi, which is also among the four leading perfumes firms in UAE, adopted IBM Lotus Domino System that facilitated it to bring fresh products to the market within a shorter phase of time, decreasing its costs of communication and raising efficiency of employee via enhanced collaboration (Maidment, 2007). Al Haramain needs to make use of such technological improvement to advance itself and stay at the level of competition. Additionally, Al Haramain must not ignore their most significant segments, particularly younger users who make up 60 percent of the growing population in UAE (Al Haramain Perfumes Website, 2014). This generation has cultural concerns sharing. They mind the environment and favorably respond to organizations like The Body Shop that have demonstrated records of socially and environmentally responsible actions (Al Haramain Perfumes Website, 2014). They are concerned with fitness and healthy lifestyle. This is why Al Haramain should plan strategies that target this expa nding market from a tender age and foster them as devoted customers for a generation (Al Haramain Perfumes Website, 2014). The UAE is developing dedicated areas to supply to the fragrance as well as related sectors. It is approximated that presently Dubai has thirty manufacturing divisions in the cosmetics, fashion and fragrance sectors and equal number are running in other emirates. Dubais geographical location and its accessibility and proximity to the upcoming markets is an important advantage. Regardless of its humble population, the UAE provides a sophisticated, varied market for other countries. Position of Dubai as a regional business hub promotes outstanding trade exhibitions as well as conferences, which presents ways for firms to reach consumers from all over Africa, Middle East, East and South Asia (Walsh, 2008). Although the perfume industry in the UAE is basically at its maturity, Al Haramain is still in its growth stage. The focus of Al Haramain is majorly on oil based oriental fragrances that are merely truly valued by Arab users whose culture for many years has used non-alcoholic perfumes that are Oudh-based (Al Haramain Perfumes Website, 2014). However, in the UAE, other ethnic group is gradually becoming interested in purchasing oriental perfumes that are oil-based. One reason may be that Muslims have a preference of using perfumes that are non-alcoholic-based. Perfumes that are oil-based are regarded as more hygienic compared to perfumes that are alcohol-based since they bring about fewer allergies (Current awareness in flavour and fragrance, 2009). This position segment has been targeted by Al Haramain, which is developing to incorporate non-Arabs also. The strategy of Al Haramain is to differentiate its manufactured products and to make a product that is considered industry-wide as being exceptional (Feenstra Taylor, 2011). The new product varietys introduction is purely to effectively compete with its competitors. Therefore one can stat e that by itself, Al Haramain is not innovative, although its innovation is due to reacting against competition. Product differentiation strategy by Al Haramain can earn returns that are above-average through creation of a justifiable position for dealing with the competitive forces. Normally a firms cost advantage serves as a defense against its competitors since reducing costs lead to higher returns. Al Haramain lacks this advantage because of its high labor costs, RD, and high advertising. Since its primary start-up expenses are high, the end product turns out to be relatively high also. Swiss Arabian and Rasasi have a cost advantage above Al Haramain since they concentrate on mass-market inventions. Additionally, Ajmal has inexpensive labor as well as raw material expenses. The success of Al Haramain lies in its experience, resources, skills and comprehensive knowledge of the business (Tripp Tripp, 2002). The Al Haramains Managing Director (MD) has been involved in inventing ma joring of the companys perfumes and is an established expert of olfactory senses. The MD has succeeded in selecting the correct talent, and has nurtured a specialists team who understand the art and complexity of oriental fragrances. The team has facilitated in the establishment of the well-acknowledged brand name used by Al Haramain today. Al Haramains oils and perfumes target both women and men. There are two classifications of the fragrance: Floral and Oriental. Different from the popular belief, the firm has discovered that oriental perfumes are simply as popular in the United States and Europe as they are within the Middle East (Tripp Tripp, 2002).Al Haramain maintains to have excellent skilled work force that can generate the particles of Oudh from raw materials (Al Haramain Perfumes Website, 2014). The workers who take care of Oudh have more than 35 years of grand experiences and expertise. The team of Al Haramain tries innovative ways and generates latest concepts for extra cting processes of Oudh. In addition, Al Haramain utilizes its financial influence to hire competitors workers. This provides Al Haramain with inside information about the way competitors operates, what innovative projects are underway, and the way particular matters are handled (Al Haramain Perfumes Website, 2014). Al Haramain states that its designs of product are so successful because of the extensive research of market done by the firm. The sales squad connects the firm to its sellers and they are considered Al Haramains front face. The leading managements open door rule facilitates the sales squad and other workers to give feedback concerning its products (Al Haramain Perfumes Website, 2014). Al Haramains sales squad has met sales teams from their competitors, and they state that the employees from the competitors merely recognize their direct managers, and their top-level management is not known (Al Haramain Perfumes Website, 2014). Al Haramains monthly meetings and open door policy facilitate the leading management to relate with every level of workers. The management of Al Haramain states that it has great financial advantage and that it is monetarily sound (Al Haramain Perfumes Website, 2014). Complete payments are done once raw materials are received, and 3-month credit facilities are given to retailers. Additionally, workers salaries are timely paid and review is done on a quarterly center. The major threat for Al Haramain is large competitors such as Rasasi, Swiss Arabian, and Ajmal. Natural disasters may possibly prove to be the companys threat as it would influence its operations in reference to the Oudh plantation based in Bangladesh (Feenstra Taylor, 2011). This could be a great hit because perfumes that are Oudh-based are the companys major product line. Another threat is perfumes imitation since the UAE is experiencing challenges from products that are counterfeit. An expert fragrance chemist with Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography equ ipment is able to analyze a fragrance and strongly duplicate it (Feenstra Taylor, 2011). Duplicates of costly, special fragrances are currently available at the costs fraction. Low-income groups and young teenagers normally fall victim to the products provided in the grey market (Feenstra Taylor, 2011). Even though the state is alert, violations of copyright do occur and a couple of trendy brands are under habitual attack. These suppliers of imitation fragrance have the capacity to weaken the prices of Al Haramain and vend its perfumes at lower costs. The 2003 Dubai External Trade Statistics indicated that exports perfume product from the UAE comprised of around 83.5 million AED globally (Brijs, 2013). Saudi Arabia (16.5 million AED), Kuwait (10.7 million AED) and Netherlands (24.6...

Global Economic And Financial Crisis - 2519 Words

Many lessons were learned from the aftermath of 2008 global economic and financial crisis. One of them was the effect that foreign direct investments (FDI) had on the global economy, particularly on developing countries. By definition, an FDI is an â€Å"investment that involves some ownership and/or operating control. The foreign residents are usually multinational corporations (MNCs)† (Cohn 412). The market crash drastically altered the nature of FDI. After consistent growth between 2003 and 2007, investments in developed countries experienced a steep fall, suffering from about a 29 per cent drop. In contrast, investments in developing countries skyrocketed, peaking at an about 43 per cent increase (UNCTAD 2009). However, more revealing than the unexpected turn of events was the way FDI significantly affected, and was affected by the status of the global economy – showing further importance to one type of economic entity that naturally comes with FDI, multinational corporations. This paper will argue that the ever-constantly increasing presence and influence of MNCs prove that they are entitled to be considered as legitimate global political actors. Despite the considerable negative connotation that MNCs have garnered, their undeniable enormity and influence in generating the flow of FDI, their contribution in hastening the distribution of technology and knowledge throughout the globe, and their status as the absolute major player in modernization and globalization throughShow MoreRelatedGlobal Economic And Financial Crisis Essay840 Words   |  4 Pagesacceleration of overall economic growth over the past decade (until the onset of the global economic and financial crisis) has been accompanied by a significant acceleration in the growth of credit in the economy. This broad trend suggests that high economic growth has been accompanied by financial deepening. 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Academic studies follow significant events. For instance, peaks in published scholarly journal articles on SCRM occurred following disruptions, in 2004 following 9-11 and again in 2009 following the global recession (Ghadge et al., 2012). Data required for variables Company financial information from annual reports will deliver required data toRead MoreEssay on The Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on Economic Growth4072 Words   |  17 PagesEconomic growth The impact of the Global Financial Crisis on economic growth As a result of the global recession, Australia’s GDP was forecasted to contract by 0.5% in 2009-10 in comparison to other advanced economies which were expected to contract by 3.75% in the same year. However minor the reductions in GDP, it was evident that Australia was not exempt from the global recession although is better placed and is expected to perform better than almost all other OECD economies. The global recessionRead MoreNarrative Interview : The Global Economic Climate During The 2008 Global Financial Crisis ( Gfc )1083 Words   |  5 Pagesfather, James Trainor as the ideal candidate to provide a comprehensive recount of the global economic climate during the 2008 Global Financial Crisis (GFC). And how his experiences of economic fluctuations and policies during the GFC changed his perspectives and understandings of macroeconomic decisions, as well as their effects on the modern world. At the time of the Global Financial Crisis, James was the Global Head of Employ ment Tax for the Macquarie Group, one of Australia’s largest investmentRead MoreGlobal Financial Crisis : A Social And Economic System Driven By Network Technologies3327 Words   |  14 PagesRachel Botsman, defines collaborative consumption as â€Å"a social and economic system driven by network technologies that enable the sharing and exchange of assets from spaces to skills to cars in ways and on a scale never possible before† (2012). In this peer economy access is as convenient as ownership, which is attractive to many for economic, environmental, and lifestyle reasons. In the aftermath of the global financial crisis, hundreds of companies have been founded to facilitate peer-to-peerRead MoreThe Problem Of Global Financial Crisis1122 Words   |  5 Pagesreceivables and other financial assets are pooled together, with their cash flows or economic values redirected support payments on related securities.† â€Å"Securitization first emerged in the 1970s with the sale of securities backed by residential mortIn the 21st century, economic problems have incurred an increasing number of people s attention as the economic develop rapidly, and these problems are usually caused by human themselves. For instance, the occurrence of Global Financial Crisis (GFC) in 2007Read MoreThe Global Financial Crisis Of Broward College920 Words   |  4 PagesResearch Paper: The Global Financial Crisis Michelle Beira Broward College There have been few financial crises in the United States. 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A Brief Note On Obesity And Its Effect On Obesity

What Factors Contribute to Obesity in Children For years I’ve been watching the news in disbelief on how much obesity is increasing in children like if it’s an epidemic that has no control, so I have always asked myself what factors contribute to obesity in children. My knowledge about obesity disorder is limited, but what I do know is that obesity is one of the causes of death in the United States. Obesity grows like a virus when humans abuse their intake of fattening food that has no beneficial benefit for them. Also I assume that obesity comes from the genes of your family members. If your family is overweight, then perhaps there is a high chance you are also going to be overweight and probably obese in the future. Exercise is an†¦show more content†¦I was surprised at the amount of information I found that I didn’t know what articles to choose from, but I read several journal, periodical, newspaper articles from their abstracts or introductions whi ch made it easier for me to connect the correct ones for my research paper. It helped me narrow down my search to only factors that contribute to obesity in children. To my amazement my periodical informs â€Å"Predicting Obesity at Birth† which the majority of obesity starts from. Next, in my research I found two academic journals, one that informs how â€Å"Parental Feeding and Childhood Obesity in Preschool-Age Children†. According â€Å"Food for thought: Children’s views on the psychological aspects of childhood obesity† is my second academic journal. Next, the following day I needed to check out a book as my fourth source from the library so I decided to search it online first and found a perfect one named â€Å"Obesity†. The following day I went to the UTB library and checked out the book. The difficult part is to find my fifth primary source which is the last one and navigated online looking for a good documentary video about factors that co ntribute to obesity in children. I didn’t find anything on my first day of searching, but the next day I kept on researching and found the perfect documentary video called â€Å"The Weight of the Nation† that will make my research paper complete. What I Discovered I discovered that

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Case Summary Security Fraud - 1626 Words

Case Summary Security fraud is a white collar crime that involves the deception of investors or the manipulation of financial Markets (FBI, 2005). Security fraud is a broad topic that covers many different aspects of white collar crimes that individually can stand as their own form of indictable crime (FBI, 2005). Due to the broad reality associated with security fraud, when considering the different case studies, the Martin Shkreli case was the best option. Mr. Shkreli was a pharmaceutical executive who was known by the general public and by the Media for his high pricing in life saving drugs (Smythe and Geiger, 2015). Mr. Shkreli, dubbed Bad Boy by the media, had been charged with several charges pertaining to fraudulent schemes such as insider trades, manipulation of market to illegally redistribute money by misappropriation of assets or defrauding investors and potential investors to fund pharmaceutical companies that acted as hedge funds (Smythe and Geiger, 2015). The list of charges and cri mes that Mr. Shkreli go on and on, and it is for that very same reason Mr. Shkreli’s case was the most ideal case to choose. Mr. Shkreli s Case is great representation of how security fraud has many faces. Another reason why Mr. Shkreli s Case is the ideal case is due to the fact that it will allow for a more depth analysis on why individuals commit fraud. In one of the articles I will be annotating as one of the 5 sources, the psychology and sociology behind why individualShow MoreRelatedThe Case Summaries For Phar Mor Inc. Fraud Essay1302 Words   |  6 PagesThe Case Summaries for Phar-Mor Inc. Fraud, Waste Management Scandal, Enron Scandal and Answers Phar-Mor Inc. Fraud Summary Phar-Mor Inc. fell prey to greed from the top. Unfortunately, the auditing firm assisted the organization with the conspiracy to defraud the users of financial reporting, the government, and the stakeholders. 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Bernard Madoff also called   Bernie is a former American businessman, stockbroker, investment advisor, financier and the former non-executiveRead MoreMedicare Privacy in Australia1161 Words   |  5 Pagescommittee and known as â€Å"Healthcare Identifiers Bill (HI)† as proposed by Ms Nicola Roxon, Minister of Health, for inquiry and report on significant changes. The Minister of health has relied on Medicare as secure guardians of Medical information. In this case that the HI bill will have not much objections and gain support of the senate committee and thus earn favourable endorsement. This bill aims to provide every Australian a 16 digit identity number and more than 600,000 healthcare providers such asRead MoreUmmary Of The Issues In The DHB Industries990 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Summary of the issues in the DHB Industries, Inc. case study.    Background: DHB Industries, Inc. (DHBI) case study concerns an accounting and financial reporting fraud. DHBI made protective body armour for the US military. The former CEO of DHBI, David Brooks (DB), misrepresented DHBIs financial statements, mislead the independent auditors in order to conceal his fraudulent transactions and he misappropriated DHBIs assets and funds for personal expenditures. Main Issues: (1)  Weak corporateRead MoreHoward Street Jewelers1634 Words   |  7 PagesCase Overview For forty years the Levis owned and operated a jewelry store. They had survived many financial ups and downs over the years, but the current declining cash position of the company was nearing critical. On more than one occasion Mrs. Levi had suspected Betty, a long term, reliable, employee for over twenty years, might be stealing from the company. Betty not only worked as a sales clerk, but she also handled all of the cash and bank deposits and maintained all of the sales andRead MoreEthics Of Hacking And Cracking1156 Words   |  5 Pagesexploitation of system vulnerabilities. Once, the term ‘hacking’ was used to define the activity of circumventing a computer’s, or a network’s, security without authorization for reasons such as financial gain, corporate espionage, personal challenge, of fame (Ashoo Gore, 2011). Now, with the advent of the computer security industry, professional security penetration testers have chosen to distance themselves from this shadowy designation by labeling malicious attackers as crackers. They have begun

What is sociology, anyway Why bother to study it Free Essays

The aspect of sociology mainly relates to the study of the human behavior, existence, and individual characteristics based on the collective perspective of the society. The importance of this field in science generally manifest in many ways varying from the views and interpretation of the person involved. In reply to the read article regarding a personal reflection towards sociology, this writer clearly understands that the author of the said article greatly appreciates the value of the aspect of sociology with its manifestation towards the said author’s life. We will write a custom essay sample on What is sociology, anyway? Why bother to study it? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Read also  Sociology and Social Integration. Parts of his realization are greatly inclined towards the aid of sociology for understanding the human behavior in the society and discovering the individual characteristics of each person in a collective perspective. By the inclusion of the sociological concepts, the author of the article was able to understand the individual differences in terms characteristics, behavior, intellect, and others relevant to his successful merge in his society. In agreement to the ideas presented of the author of the read article, indeed, the aspect of sociology explains that the individual differences of each person is rooted on the influence of numerous factors in the person’s development. Realizing this fact, it is important to acknowledge these factors in understanding the personal characteristics of each individual such as his or her opinion, values, perspective, behavior, and actions. Among these influential factors are the concepts of family background and culture wherein the former has changed significant in the present. Other than the traditional type of the family unit, new structure have already emerged in the present namely the extended and nuclear or modern type which also have significant influences in the personality development of the person involved in these family unit. The dominant culture existing inside the family also becomes a fundamental factor in the individual characteristic thus, should also be considered in the sociological analysis and understanding. Indeed, the factors of family background and culture significantly affect the development of individual personality and characteristics relative to understanding the differences of each person inside the collective group of their respective society. Being part of the broad field of sociology, indeed, it is important to consider this scientific field towards achieving development in the aspect of understanding social relationship and individual differences inside the organization of human society. How to cite What is sociology, anyway? Why bother to study it?, Papers

Disadvantages of using Renewable Energy-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Disadvantages of using Renewable Energy. Answer: Introduction The rapid growth of the technological advancements and the increasing needs for power has led to the rise of crisis situation sin the environment. the traditional methods through which power was used, the non-renewable sources, started depleting and the concern for the future generations has led to innovations that generated power for the industrial sectors and the common households. The most important consideration undertaken by the people while undertaking the sustainable approaches is based on the conservation of the power and the non-renewable sources. The technological advancements have led to the usage of the global statistics in order to analyze and understand the depletion that is being caused by the actions of the people and the organizations. The depletion of the natural resources, led to the serious discrepancies that are being faced by the people. The conservation of the non-renewable resources is therefore an attempt of sustaining the energy sources that are non-renewable in nature (Kristoferson Bokalders, 2013). The report, however, states the negative impacts of the usage of the renewable sources in the developing countries. It aims at differencing between the non-renewable and the renewable sources in order to justify the notion that the renewable sources must not be used by the developing economies. The growing awareness of the requirements of the application of the renewable sources of energy has led to the growth of the systems supporting the cause of the renewable sources. However, they might seem to be disadvantag eous for a developing country. The report enumerates the issues that are being faced by the developing countries while undertaking the practices of sustainable development. Te issues are being demonstrated with the help of the arguments and the counter arguments and lastly a critical review of the content that is being presented. Issue 1: High costs of installation The higher costs of installation of the renewable sources of energy leave limited scope with the developing nation to undertake and facilitate the sustainable approach. The higher costs of installation do not facilitate the usage of the renewable sources (Devabhaktuni et al., 2013). Moreover, expenditure that is being undertaken by the nation is based on the demography and the social structure. it is also based on the economic condition of the nation (Quaschning, 2016). The most important step undertaken by the nations is determining the per capita income of the nations through which the affordability of the step and its implementation can be understood. The majority of the people might not afford the higher costs of installation and therefore the implementation of the renewable resources is a matter of concern for the developing countries. On the other hand, the implementation of the renewable sources helps the nation in reducing the costs incurred in order to supply power to the people. In certain developing countries like Romania, nuclear power projects are being undertaken in order to supply the nation with the most required electricity. Nuclear plants make use of Uranium, which is a non-renewable source (Wstenhagen Menichetti, 2012). Therefore, the excessive use of uranium depletes the uranium contents in the atmosphere. The most important consideration undertaken by the nations in developing and empowering the mass production of power results to their reliability on the non-renewable sources of the energy (Refer to Appendice 1). Approximately the cost of one kilogram of Uranium is around $7 million. In this cost, the country could have installed different renewable sources like the wind power or the hydro power plants (Espinosa et al., 2012). The ineffectiveness of the plants is due to the excessive demand for po wer that is being faced by the nation. The demography and the economic structure of the nation play an important role in the installation of the renewable sources. The renewable sources help in making a sustainable approach to the growth of the nations. Therefore, an important phenomenon must be undertaken by the nations in order to support their respective eco-friendly approach. However, the higher costs of installation hinder the growth of the national progress. The most important consideration undertaken by the nations are based on meeting the requirements of the people. The increased population of the nations has supported the cause of their respective demands (Lee, Speight Loyalka, 2014). The demographic control and the steps that are being undertaken by the developing nations have brought in stability in their approaches. Although, the installation of the renewable sources of generating energy is not being undertaken by the nations due to the limited supply of power based on the demand. The renewable sources of energy have helped in the evolution of the power in the nations, which will not be based on the non-renewable sources. However, the excessive cost of installation of the renewable sources discourages the nations to undertake steps in order to implement the ideas of sustenance. The rise in the energy consumption has been correlated with the increase in the demand for the energy (Chu Majumdar, 2012). Therefore, in order to supply the people with the required amount of energy, the developing nations undertake steps in order to use the non-renewable sources. The output of the renewable sources of energy is again an important consideration that must be undertaken while understanding the deficit in the values of the power. Issue 2: Lack of reliability The installation of the renewable sources helps in the undertaking of the proper sustenance. However, the developing nations face difficulties in the installation process based on the factors of reliability. The reliability on the usage of the renewable sources is based on the availability of power and the lesser use of non-renewable sources from the environment. The lack of reliability is based on the concepts of the change that the nations must undertake. However, the applicability of the renewable resources is based on the demographic structure and the demand of the developing nations (Ellabban, Abu-Rub Blaabjerg, 2014). The problems that are being faced by the nations are based on the criteria of the supply of the power to the people. Apart from the fact that the usage of the renewable sources helps in reducing the carbon emissions in the atmosphere, the reliability of the sources plays a major role while undertaking the understanding of the situations of the nation. The most reliable source of energy can be counted on the empowerment of the geothermal energy, which is a renewable source and thereby helps in reducing the depletion of the resources from the atmosphere (Centi, Quadrelli Perathoner, 2013). On the other hand, the applicability of the geothermal energy sources requires huge funding and investment that are required to be undertaken by the nations government. It is based on the economic condition of the nation (Refer to Appendice 2). Therefore, the applicability of the renewable sources is based on the fair returns of the energy sources on the investments that are being undertaken. Waterpower, on the other hand, is estimated to provide 16% of the worlds energy through its rapid growth in different developing and developed countries. The installation of the turbines requires an investment though, but the source is being preferred by the countries that funds the growth of the hydropower projects. On the other hand, the lower productivity of the power that is being supplied through the undertaking of the project discourages the growth of the renewable sources (Twidell Weir, 2015). Wind power, on the other hand provides power to the people but the excessive demand of power could not be controlled and adhered by the systems and therefore, most of the nations apply the wind power in the windy areas in order to maximize the use of the resource. The most important issue that are being faced by the developing nations are based on the accessibility and the effectiveness of the measures in order to raise the quotient of their output in the sectors (Brenton, Edwards-Jones Jensen, 2015). Conclusion Therefore, from the above analysis it can be stated that the usage of the renewable resources is an important consideration that must be taken by the nations in order to sustain their resources. However, in order to cope up with the basic requirements of the people regarding the utilization of power, the nations have to undertake steps in order to use the non-renewable sources. The applicability of the renewable resources is based on the higher costs of installation and the lack of reliability of the resources in supporting the demands of the people. The most important step undertaken by the nations are based on the requirements of the power and thereby the supply of the power in the sectors for the smooth functioning. Moreover, the per-capita income of the people of the nation is also a considerable factor while undertaking the investments by the governing bodies of the nation. The sustainable approach of the nations should be backed by the potentiality of the developing nations to undertake steps in order to promote the usage of the renewable sources of energy. The most important consideration undertaken by the nations is based on the applicability and the potential benefits that the nation derives from the transition of the usability of power by the nation. It is based on the demands and the supply and also determines the costs of undertaking the change. References Brenton, P., Edwards-Jones, G., Jensen, M. F. (2015). Carbon labelling and low-income country exports: a review of the development issues. InINTERNATIONAL TRADE, DISTRIBUTION AND DEVELOPMENT: Empirical Studies of Trade Policies(pp. 393-417). Centi, G., Quadrelli, E. A., Perathoner, S. (2013). Catalysis for CO 2 conversion: a key technology for rapid introduction of renewable energy in the value chain of chemical industries.Energy Environmental Science,6(6), 1711-1731. Chu, S., Majumdar, A. (2012). Opportunities and challenges for a sustainable energy future.nature,488(7411), 294-303. Devabhaktuni, V., Alam, M., Depuru, S. S. S. R., Green, R. C., Nims, D., Near, C. (2013). Solar energy: Trends and enabling technologies.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,19, 555-564. Ellabban, O., Abu-Rub, H., Blaabjerg, F. (2014). Renewable energy resources: Current status, future prospects and their enabling technology.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,39, 748-764. Espinosa, N., Hsel, M., Angmo, D., Krebs, F. C. (2012). Solar cells with one-day energy payback for the factories of the future.Energy Environmental Science,5(1), 5117-5132. Jnicke, M. (2012). Green growth: From a growing eco-industry to economic sustainability.Energy Policy,48, 13-21. Kristoferson, L. A., Bokalders, V. (2013).Renewable energy technologies: their applications in developing countries. Elsevier. Lee, S., Speight, J. G., Loyalka, S. K. (Eds.). (2014).Handbook of alternative fuel technologies. crc Press. Quaschning, V. (2016).Understanding renewable energy systems. Routledge. Twidell, J., Weir, T. (2015).Renewable energy resources. Routledge. Wstenhagen, R., Menichetti, E. (2012). Strategic choices for renewable energy investment: Conceptual framework and opportunities for further research.Energy Policy,40, 1-10.

My Biggest Passion free essay sample

My biggest passion, besides my husband and kids, is riding motorcycles. This is something that I am still fairly new to; I have only been riding for about five years now. At first I was scared to death, when I was about five or six I fell off the back of one, but when I saw my children riding with my husband on his and having lots of fun I decided I would try it and have been hooked ever since. I hope to convey my excitement in the following essay, and also show everyone that we on motorcycles are for the most part harmless and just want the same courtesy on the road that you would give a car or truck. While motorcycles seem scary and unsafe, when used properly, they can actually be fun and exciting. One of the most important things to do when riding a motorcycle is get a helmet that fits and always wear long pants and tennis shoes or boots. We will write a custom essay sample on My Biggest Passion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You want as much clothing between you and the asphalt if something should happen. But first I would like to start with the history of motorcycles. Riding motorcycles for me and my husband is a fun and relaxing activity. We have three big events that we do every year; the first one is the Vermontville Maple Syrup Run in April, the Blessing of the Bikes in May and then our favorite which is our honeymoon/anniversary ride. Last year at our Vermontville ride we rode with about 40 bikes and pulled in to Vermontville with about a hundred bikes. Pouring rain and all. My husband can pack enough stuff on our bike (tent, sleeping bags, beach umbrella, pillows and clothes) to make it through a weekend of camping. On our average anniversary trip we can log up to 700 miles in a weekend. There is nothing like riding down the coast and smelling the water and trees and the air. I really do not know how to explain how much these rides mean to us.

Use Univision Scholarship Essay Samples to Write Good Papers

Use Univision Scholarship Essay Samples to Write Good PapersUnivision Scholarship Essay samples are considered to be very simple and common to the people, they have the capability to help you finish your papers quickly and efficiently. They are always provided with your syllabus and it is also advised that the first lines of the paper should be written by you in detail. So you can work from scratch when you are writing an essay. The role of the essay is to give a brief insight into the reason why the applicant applies for the course, he or she will put his thought and effort in writing the best essay.The essay is written in a concise and to the point way. You have to create a discussion paper which will catch the attention of the examiner and then it will impress the teacher as well. So you must be clear about what you need to write. A good essay must deal with your passion for learning and the discussion paper should reflect your passion as well. The author should state his or her i deas clearly, together with their rationale.Most of the times you can find many quality essay samples online. However you must make sure that the essay is not plagiarized, that is if you want it to be credited to you. The essay samples are based on a certain template.The quality of the essay samples can be gauged from the kind of paper you will produce after getting the help of the sample. In fact some writers are prepared to write thousands of sample essays but they will never get the required help to write a perfect essay. But it is your discretion to take the amount of money you want. So you must decide which one you will take.The goal of the Univision Scholarship Essay samples is to give the basic background of your skills, talents and interests. It is a good practice to check out the excellent article writing services offered by the website. You may also consider the quality of the content and grammar of the article, as these are very important to achieve your goal.Also the wri ter needs to be prepared to give you some fine details. This would include your educational background, achievements and other relevant things. The content may seem difficult at first sight but you will find it easy to read the results. Remember that with the help of these essays you are always assured of finishing your paper in a short time.The Univision Scholarship Essay samples can also give you a clear idea of how to write a great essay. You can also take the help of a writing company who has the capability to give you the direction. Apart from that, you can also seek some tips in order to create the best paper.

Comparative Essay On Deat Essays - John Donne, Welsh Poets

Comparative Essay on Deat annon Death is an aspect of life that everyone becomes acquainted with sooner or later. From my own experiences I am more familiar with death than I could ever want to be. Poetry is something that is very difficult for me to follow, but when it deals with concept that I am familiar with, then I am able to associate with the soul of the writer. Two poems that deal with the concept of death that I actually enjoyed reading and will compare to each other are Death be not proud by Dylan Thomas and Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night by Dylan Thomas. Firstly, in Death be not proud, Donne tells Death that it is not anything special. That Death is a low being that deals with the pitiful aspects of life: war, disease, and murder. Donne says that Death is nothing more than an aspect of life, just an event of the moment, one short sleep past, we wake eternally. Donne goes on to explain that we all will go through this door while on the way to another existence. In comparison, Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night by Thomas is a battle cry against death. To fight against it until the last breath of life is gone. That to give up life is the coward's way. To his father, who is dying from a protracted illness, Dylan says to show his love, that it is all right to cry even though he has never seen his father show the weakness of crying, just so long as he continues to fight against the coming end. In both poems, the writers are against Death; however Donne writes of Death as a weak entity that has no real power, because after we die, we will never have to face the worry of Death. Thomas, however, writes as if he doesn't believe in any kind of hereafter. An example of this is the repeated cry Rage, rage against the dying of the light. These are two very different beliefs for an ineludible fact of life. Death is something that I have faced and will eventually succumb to; however, I believe as Donne does, that I can choose to not be afraid of the occasion, that I will move to something better, that death is not the dying of the light. But also, as Thomas believes, I will not go gentle in that good night! I will fight with every bit of strength that I have against it. We will all succumb to Death eventually, but I won't give in one minute earlier than I have to. Steve Nix

Hydrogen Fuel Cells Innovation for the 21st Century

Hydrogen Fuel Cells Innovation for the 21st Century In 1839, the first fuel cell was conceived by Sir William Robert Grove, a Welsh judge, inventor, and physicist. He mixed hydrogen and oxygen in the presence of an electrolyte and produced electricity and water. The invention, which later became known as a fuel cell, didnt produce enough electricity to be useful. Early Stages of the Fuel Cell   In 1889, the term â€Å"fuel cell† was first coined by Ludwig Mond and Charles Langer, who attempted to build a working fuel cell using air and industrial coal gas. Another source states that it was William White Jaques who first coined the term fuel cell. Jaques was also the first researcher to use phosphoric acid in the electrolyte bath. In the 1920s, fuel cell research in Germany paved the way for the development of the carbonate cycle and solid oxide fuel cells of today. In 1932, engineer Francis T Bacon began his vital research into fuels cells. Early cell designers used porous platinum electrodes and sulfuric acid as the electrolyte bath. Using platinum was expensive and using sulfuric acid was corrosive. Bacon improved on the expensive platinum catalysts with a hydrogen and oxygen cell using a less corrosive alkaline electrolyte and inexpensive nickel electrodes. It took Bacon until 1959 to perfect his design when he demonstrated a five-kilowatt fuel cell that could power a welding machine. Francis T. Bacon, a direct descendant of the other well known Francis Bacon, named his famous fuel cell design the Bacon Cell. Fuel Cells in Vehicles In October of 1959, Harry Karl Ihrig, an engineer for the Allis - Chalmers Manufacturing Company, demonstrated a 20-horsepower tractor that was the first vehicle ever powered by a fuel cell. During the early 1960s, General Electric produced the fuel-cell-based electrical power system for NASAs Gemini and Apollo space capsules. General Electric used the principles found in the Bacon Cell as the basis of its design. Today, the Space Shuttles electricity is provided by fuel cells, and the same fuel cells provide drinking water for the crew. NASA decided that using nuclear reactors was too high a risk, and using batteries or solar power was too bulky to use in space vehicles. NASA has funded more than 200 research contracts exploring fuel-cell technology, bringing the technology to a level now viable for the private sector. The first bus powered by a fuel cell was completed in 1993, and several fuel-cell cars are now being built in Europe and in the United States. Daimler-Benz and Toyota launched prototype fuel-cell powered cars in 1997. Fuel Cells the Superior Energy Source Maybe the answer to Whats so great about fuel cells? should be the question Whats so great about pollution,  changing the climate  or running out of oil, natural gas, and coal? As we head into the next millennium, it is time to put renewable energy and planet-friendly technology at the top of our priorities. Fuel cells have been around for over 150 years and offer a source of energy that is inexhaustible, environmentally safe and always available. So why arent they being used everywhere already? Until recently, it has been because of the cost. The cells were too expensive to make. That has now changed. In the United States, several pieces of legislation have promoted the current explosion in hydrogen fuel cell development: namely, the congressional Hydrogen Future Act of 1996 and several state laws promoting zero emission levels for cars. Worldwide, different types of fuel cells have been developed with extensive public funding. The United States alone has sunk more than one billion dollars into fuel-cell research in the last thirty years. In 1998, Iceland announced plans to create a hydrogen economy in cooperation with German carmaker Daimler-Benz and Canadian fuel cell developer Ballard Power Systems. The 10-year plan would convert all transportation vehicles, including Icelands fishing fleet, over to fuel-cell-powered vehicles. In March 1999, Iceland, Shell Oil, Daimler Chrysler, and Norsk Hydroformed a company to further develop Icelands hydrogen economy. In February 1999, Europes first public commercial hydrogen fuel station for cars and trucks opened for business in Hamburg, Germany. In April 1999, Daimler Chrysler unveiled the liquid hydrogen vehicle NECAR 4. With a top speed of 90 mph and a 280-mile tank capacity, the car wowed the press. The company plans to have fuel-cell vehicles in limited production by the year 2004. By that time, Daimler Chrysler will have spent $1.4 billion more on fuel-cell technology development. In August 1999, Singapore physicists announced a new hydrogen storage method of alkali doped carbon nanotubes that would increase hydrogen storage and safety. A Taiwanese company, San Yang, is developing the first  fuel cell  powered motorcycle. Where Do We Go From Here? There are still issues with hydrogen-fueled engines and power plants. Transport, storage and safety problems need to be addressed. Greenpeace has promoted the development of a fuel cell operated with regeneratively produced hydrogen. European car makers have so far ignored a Greenpeace project for a super-efficient car consuming only 3 liters of gasoline per 100 km. Special Thanks goes to H-Power, The Hydrogen Fuel Cell Letter, and Fuel Cell 2000

English medium education for people whose first language is not Essay

English medium education for people whose first language is not English - Essay Example The introduction of colonists’ language faced resistance from many parents in Malaysian society as they took it as the return of the colonist and feared the loss of their own language - their national identity. It is note-worthy that the business class parents or those involved in media or politics knew the value of learning the English Language so favoured it. Another issue was the insufficient availability of skilled teachers, especially within rural areas. This led the government to introduce both mediums of education while emphasizing on mastering English as a foreign language, parents were left to choose which way they wanted their children to learn, which in return brought discrimination in society. Mr. Mahathir, the Prime Minister, who introduced this policy showed his sadness over the decision of moving back to Malaya to educate children as it would bring difficulties for the students to cope with scientific developments in the future (Gooch, 2009). In the video clip w e are given a clear idea that the Malaysian government was familiar with the significance of English language regarding the success of the country, but resistance from certain people towards learning English came because of the colonial history and after independence there was a political desire to promote Malaya. Later, when the need to learn English was accepted by Malaysians, there aroused a

Marketing Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing Communication - Essay Example These marketing strategies includes the slogans â€Å"How are you† and â€Å"Power to who†, video, television, newspapers, banners and magazines, Vodafone VIP, Freebee rewardz, corporate social responsibilities, company website, social media and Sponsorship of racing competitions. On the other hand, T-Mobile emulates social media sites including MySpace, Twitter and You Tube and the slogan ‘Life is for sharing’ to attract its customers. The marketing campaign of the Vodafone has created a positive image on the public thus increasing the company sales and profits. This paper provides recommendations as to how T-mobile can employ various marketing strategies with an aim of enhancing its IMC thus increasing its competitiveness. Introduction Based on stiff competition that companies are faced with in the local and international markets, marketing and brand managers are using all the means to ensure that they attain strong relationship with their consumers. Some of the major strategies that firms emulate in order to attain a competitive edge include improvement of quality of their brands, effective distribution of their products, appropriate pricing of products and effective communication with their customers. Based on the improved technology and the cut-throat competition in the business arena, companies have started to emulate the improved communication system to lure their customers and retain strong positive customer-brand relationship. Integrated marketing communication (IMC) refers to the marketing strategies that are undertaken by marketing managers involving various disciplines such as promotion, advertising, public relations and social media among others to attain to increased customer awareness and loyalty. Other vital aspect of IMC is that it entails effectively coordinating different means of promotion to attain a competitive edge and face off the company rivals. This paper seeks to keenly discuss the marketing communication st rategies and mix adopted by Vodafone and T-Mobile, two of the major mobile service providers. Additionally, the paper will provide recommendation on the strategic marketing and branding tools that T-Mobile can emulate to effectively face off Vodafone in the market. Market Review As the demand for communication among local and international companies increase, mobile services market has attracted large number of telecommunication firms as each one of them is geared towards expanding is customer base. With the growth in the mobile telecommunication industry, competing firms have taken initiatives to control their local market and then adopt more extensive marketing strategies to enter the global market. Some of the main competitors in the mobile services market include Vodafone, O2, Orange, Virgin and T-Mobile among others. Being the second largest mobile telecommunication company after China mobile, Vodafone is a British based company with over 440 million subscribers. Apart from bei ng a leader in the UK market, Vodafone operates in more than 30 countries. Some of the notable services that Vodafone has introduced in the market include Vo

How can Employees be Empowered to Increase Productivity?

How can Employees be Empowered to Increase Productivity? 1.Preliminary title: Empowerment is essential to increase productivity among employee. 2.Research purpose: The out come of employee empowerment in service industry can bring long-term success. The purpose of this research is to analyse and achieve in-depth knowledge and understanding on employee empowerment in the context of service industry by comparing the perspective of manager and employee. And provide suggestions to service industry how to gain more productively through empower the employee. This result will be obtained by testing the efficiency of the employee empowerment variables. The earlier discussion on employee empowerment in the service industry has lead to the main research question. How employee can be empowered for increasing productivity? What competitive advantage ‘employee empowerment can bring for the company? 3.Rational On this era, the arrival of an information-based, knowledge-intensive, service driven economy has forced a massive of change on companies worldwide, most dramatically in the way they must redefine their relationship with their employees (Bartlett 2002). Hill and Huq (2004) argued that specifically, it emanated from the realization that traditional hierarchical ‘command and control organizations were struggling to meet the growing demands for flexibility and demands for flexibility and quality. The employees respond most excellent and creatively not when management does tightly control them, placed in narrowly defined job and treated like unwelcoming necessity. But instead, when they are given broader responsibilities, and encouraged to contribute and help to take satisfaction in their jobs (Walton 1985). Thats why now a day, employee of organization and how management manages them are becoming more important because many other source of competitive success is less powerful than they once were. Traditional sources of success- technology, protected or regulated market, access to financial resource and economies of scale can still provide competitive advantage, but to a lesser degree now than in the past, leaving organizational culture and capabilities, derived from how people are managed, as comparatively more vital (Henry and Maryle, 2002). As, organizations sustainable competitive advantage is its people that why management need to engage all the human resource to active companys long time success. In the modern world Empowerment is one of the key tools, which a manager can use frequently to involve and manage organizations people to achieve competitive advantage. As Campbell (2009,p8) pointed out that ‘‘People are your most valuable asset. To get the most out of employees, empower is essential. 4.Literature review: 4.1.What is employee empowerment? The aim of Empowerment to create a culture where employee have freedom to express themselves and have the liberty to make decisions about how they work, where there is always the opportunity to give constructive feedback, and where everyone is equal and approachable (Beaven 2009). So Empowerment implies give up central control, which will encourage speed, flexibility and determination of the employee. According to Campbell (2009), main meaning of empower employees is to give up some aspects of control. In return for giving up that control, managers will have more scope and time to look at the big picture and engage in strategic thinking. Styhre (2001) illustrated that empowermentis depicted by its proponents as the common denominator for recent managerial techniques and activities that acknowledge the individual employee as an intelligent, accountable, creative being, and therefore a productive resource for the company. Lashley (1997) argued that it is intended that through empowerme nt employees will be more committed to successful service encounters and will have the necessary discretion and autonomy to do whatever is needed to satisfy the customer. 4.2 .How to apply empowerment to increase productivity among employee? Different organizations choose to empower their employees to different degrees; at the lowest level empowerment the employee has no autonomy to take decision. On the other hand, at the highest level the employee is given decision-making authority and can control their own performances( Daft ,2001). All these employees are often able to affect organizational goals, structure, as well as reward systems. In order to empower employees, four different factors are Important. Those different factor work as an element to empower employee. Which will give the employees space to act more independently in accomplishing their jobs. According to Daft (2000) those are: information, knowledge, power and rewards. Information: In any organizations where the employees are fully empowered, no information about the company is held secret for employee. Thats why employees must receive every information about the performance of the company. 2.Knowledge: Before and after empowering employees every company need to give training for increasing knowledge and skills of employee. Which build up their problem solving decision-making capability. As by having power of knowledge and skills, an employee can be able to contribute to the goals of the company. Power: To make substantial decisions, employees must have the power. Which will increase employee involvement, confidante. Rewarding: The employees need to get rewarded on the basis their performances and companys performance. The employees can be more committed towards the company by having true appreciation through psychologically and physically. 4.3.Advantages: According to the literature, empowerment bring many positive result for the company like, quicker response to customer, communication and teamwork, employee satisfaction and increase their working value, reduce costs and economic profits, involvement, customer satisfaction/ recovery, increased employee efficiency, customer loyalty and new innovative idea for the organization (Campbell, 2009; Beaven, 2009; Bowen Lawler, 2002; Styhre ,2001; Lashley, 1997). Empowered employee is more productive, psychologically and physically healthy, proactive and innovative, persistent in the work place, trustworthy, interpersonally efficient, intrinsically motivated, and have higher morale and commitment than employee who are not empowered (Whitten , 2007). Earlier literature review has illustrated that empowerment can play a very vital rule in order to increases productivity among employees. Research need to be taken in order to gain better understanding this phenomenon on the context of present service industry. Now, research method need to chosen in order to complete the research successfully. 5.Research Methodology 5.1.Research approach Rossman and Rallis (2003) stated that there are two different research methods that are frequently used when researchers are about to conduct research: the qualitative and the quantitative method. A quantitative method is mostly concern with measurements and to generalize the result.This means that qualitative research mostly humanistic research, which makes it possible to interpret as well as understand a phenomenon. The purpose of this research is to analysis and achieves depth knowledge and understanding on employee empowerment in the context of service industry by comparing the perspective of manager and employee. And provide suggestions to service industry to gain more productively through empower the employee. As this is a humanistic research qualitative approach will be very effective to do in-depth investigation. 5.2.Sampling The researcher will select two service-oriented company to carry on sampling process. The reason for exploring different venues is to gather valuable data from different source. The method of contact to manager of relevant company for arranging interview session with manager and employee will through face-to-face, phone, or e-mail. 5.3.Data collection method According to Silverman (2001), there are four main methods used in qualitative research are: Observation Analyzing texts and documents Interviews Recordings and transcribing. The data will be conducted for the research in two distinct stages by the researcher to carry on this research. A short period of observation there will be done in the first stage. Marshall and Rossman (1999) demonstrated that observation entails the systematic nothing and recording of events, behaviours and artifact (objects) in the social setting chose for the study. At the second stage of the data collection will be involved a series of semi-structured, in-depth face to face interview with employee and manager with in selected organization. 5.4.Data analysis procedures: Marshall and Rossman (1999) suggest that data analysis is the process of bringing order, structure and interpretation to the mass of collected data. Miles (1994) have demonstrated two models for analysis. The first one is researcher can analyze a separate case (within-case analysis). Then presents results by creating tables, checklists and matrix around collected, qualitative data by comparing the theory with empirical data in these tables and checklists. It will be easy to see similarities and differences on this model. At The second model, the researcher compares the results from different cases in a cross-case analysis. Researcher will follow the first model where comparison will be made between literature and empirical data which be collected from manager and employee. The comparison will be done in order to identify patterns that would similar or different from the theory or literature. 5.5.Data capture At the time of depth face-to-face interviews with interviewees, research will use voice recorder that he can give more attention on interview. Then researcher will transcribe date fordata analysis procedure, it has probable that the result would bring more accuracy. 5.6.Reliability and validity To ensure reliability and validity, every face-to-face interview will be recorded and transcribed. Silverman, D (2001) argued that the quality of recording and transcripts has important implications on the reliability of conversation analytical research. For this reason, every transcription will be coded. 5.7.Proposed time schedule Assuming 12 weeks of period has allocated for conducting this masters research. Following this a proposed time schedule would be as follow: Period Activity 1st 2 week Initial literature review Next 2 week Complete participant observation Next 4 week Arrange and conduct interviews; transcribe and analyse interview data Next 2 Literature and further analysis of data Rest of the week Write up and submit completed thesis Reference: Bartlett, Christopher A., Ghoshal and Sumantra (2002). BuildingCompetitiveAdvantage ThroughPeople. MIT Sloan Management Review. Vol. 43 Issue 2.pp.34-41. Beaven, D.2009. People make the difference.Logistics Transport Focus. Vol. 11 Issue 6, pp45-47. Bowen, D.E. and Lawler, E.E. 2002. The empowerment of service workers: What, why, how and when. In: Henry. J and Mayle.D.ed. Managing innovation and change, Open University Business School, in association with sage, pp.243-273. Campbell, G.2009.Employee Empowerment. Quality.Vol.48 Issue 4, p 8. Daft, R. 2001. Organization Theory and Design, 7th Edition. South-Western College. Thompson Learning. Henry, J., Mayle, D.2002. Managing innovation and change. Open University Business School, in association with SAGE.pp61-73. Hill, F., Huq, R.2004. Employee Empowerment: Conceptualizations, Aims and Outcomes. Total Quality Management and Business Excellence, Vol. 15 Issue 8, pp1025-1041. Lashley, C.1999.Empowering service excellence in service. London: Cassell Publications. Miles, M.1994.Qualitative data analysis: an expanded sourcebook / Matthew B Miles. : Sage Publications, Inc. Marshall, C. and Rossman, G.B .1999. Designing Qualitative Research. 3rd Ed.London; Sage Publications. Rossman, B. G. Rallis F. S. 2003. Learning in the Field: An Introduction to Qualitative Research.2nd ed. California: Sage Publications, Inc. Silverman, D .2001. Interpreting Qualitative data, Methods for Analyzing talk text and Interaction. 2nd Ed.sage London, p.14. Walton, Richard E.1985. Fromcontroltocommitmentintheworkplace. Harvard Business Review, Vol. 63 Issue 2. pp77-84. Whetten, David A and Cameron, Kim S.2008. Developing management skills. 7th edition, Prentice hall.

To what extent is To Kill a Mocking Bird a novel about prejudice? Essay

To what extent is To Kill a Mocking Bird a novel about prejudice? To Kill a Mocking Bird is set in Maycomb in a small southern American county this is of great importance to the novel. Scout best sums up the situation faced by Maycomb by saying 'There was no hurry. Because there was nowhere to go, nothing to buy and no money to buy it with, nothing to see outside the boundaries of Maycomb'. The people of Maycomb were often inter related and posses traditional 'white conservative' moral values. This is why you would expect prejudice, divisions and narrowmindness to take place. Not many people have travelled outside Maycomb, this means they have not experienced different cultures to their own. This leads to a narrow minded community. To some extent to kill a Mocking Bird is a novel about prejudice as we witness adults attitudes to race and social divisions in the 1930's. The views of the people of Maycomb have not changed over time as they still hold the same rigid ideas as their ancestors. Atticus tells Scout 'You might hear some ugly talk about it (Atticus' case), but do one thing for me if you will: you just hold your head high and keep those fists down'. The people of Maycomb take their anger, of defending Tom Robinson out on Scout. Scouts cousin calls Atticus a 'Nigger Lover'. Scout tries to explain to Atticus 'that it wasn't so much what Francis said that had infuriated me as the way he had said it'. We see how Francis takes his families anger of Atticus' case out on Scout. The prejudice from Blacks to Whites is enormous in the novel. We see how harsh the community of Maycomb is towards Blacks and their hatred for them. In the conviction of Tom Robinson we see how an innocent mans freedom is... ...he Ewells is that the people of Maycomb believed that white people should not get involved with blacks, but Mayella broke this rule. Mayella did not intend to hurt Tom she was lonely and only wanted To seek affection. Mayella does not see blacks the same as the rest of Maycomb. 'There are four kinds of folk in the world. There's the ordinary kind like the neighbours, there and us's the kind like the Cunningham's out in the woods, the kind likes the Ewells down at the dumps and the Negroes'. The blacks are still shown below everybody else this shows the social barriers, which exist amongst the people in Maycomb . To kill a Mocking Bird is more then a book about racism it is about accepting people for who they are. Through out the novel we see how prejudice leads to discrimination. We see how people prejudice because they fear something that is different.

Second Foundation 1. Two Men and the Mule

THE MULE – It was after the fall of the First Foundation that the constructive aspects of the Mule's regime took shape. After the definite break-up at the first Galactic Empire, it was he who first presented history with a unified volume at space truly imperial in scope. The earlier commercial empire at the fallen Foundation had been diverse and loosely knit, despite the impalpable backing at the predictions of psycho-history. It was not to be compared with the tightly controlled ‘Union of Worlds' under the Mule, comprising as it did, one-tenth the volume of the Galaxy and one-fifteenth of its population. Particularly during the era of the so-called Search†¦ Encyclopedia Galactica [1] There is much more that the Encyclopedia has to say on the subject of the Mule and his Empire but almost all of it is not germane to the issue at immediate hand, and most of it is considerably too dry for our purposes in any case. Mainly, the article concerns itself at this point with the economic conditions that led to the rise of the â€Å"First Citizen of the Union† – the Mule's official title – and with the economic consequences thereof. If, at any time, the writer of the article is mildly astonished at the colossal haste with which the Mule rose from nothing to vast dominion in five years, he conceals it. If he is further surprised at the sudden cessation of expansion in favor of a five-year consolidation of territory, he hides the fact. We therefore abandon the Encyclopedia and continue on our own path for our own purposes and take up the history of the Great Interregnum – between the First and Second Galactic Empires – at the end of that five years of consolidation. Politically, the Union is quiet. Economically, it is prosperous. Few would care to exchange the peace of the Mule's steady grip for the chaos that had preceded, On the worlds that five years previously had known the Foundation, there might be a nostalgic regret, but no more. The Foundation's leaders were dead, where useless; and Converted, where useful. And of the Converted, the most useful was Han Pritcher, now lieutenant general. In the days of the Foundation, Han Pritcher had been a captain and a member of the underground Democratic Opposition. When the Foundation fell to the Mule without a fight, Pritcher fought the Mule. Until, that is, he was Converted. The Conversion was not the ordinary one brought on by the power of superior reason. Han Pritcher know that well enough. He had been changed because the Mule was a mutant with mental powers quite capable of adjusting the conditions of ordinary humans to suit himself. But that satisfied him completely. That was as it should be. The very contentment with the Conversion was a prime symptom of it, but Han Pritcher was no longer even curious about the matter. And now that he was returning from his fifth major expedition into the boundlessness of the Galaxy outside the Union, it was with something approaching artless joy that the veteran spaceman and Intelligence agent considered his approaching audience with the â€Å"First Citizen.† His hard face, gouged out of a dark, grainless wood that did not seem to be capable of smiling without cracking, didn't show it – but the outward indications were unnecessary. The Mule could see the emotions within, down to the smallest, much as an ordinary man could see the twitch of an eyebrow. Pritcher left his air car at the old vice-regal hangars and entered the palace grounds on foot as was required. He walked one mile along the arrowed highway – which was empty and silent. Pritcher knew that over the square miles of Palace grounds, there was not one guard, not one soldier, not one armed man. The Mule had need of no protection. The Mule was his own best, all-powerful protector. Pritcher's footsteps beat softly in his own cars, as the palace reared its gleaming, incredibly light and incredibly strong metallic walls before him in the daring, overblown, near-hectic arches that characterized the architecture of the Late Empire. It brooded strongly over the empty grounds, over the crowded city on the horizon. Within the palace was that one man – by himself – on whose inhuman mental attributes depended the new aristocracy, and the whole structure of the Union. The huge, smooth door swung massively open at the general's approach, and he entered. He stepped on to the wide, sweeping ramp that moved upward under him. He rose swiftly in the noiseless elevator. He stood before the small plain door of the Mule's own room in the highest glitter of the palace spires. It opened- Bail Channis was young, and Bail Channis was Unconverted. That is, in plainer language, his emotional make-up had been unadjusted by the Mule. It remained exactly as it had been formed by the original shape of its heredity and the subsequent modifications of his environment. And that satisfied him, too. At not quite thirty, he was in marvelously good odor in the capital. He was handsome and quick-witted – therefore successful in society. He was intelligent and self-possessed – therefore successful with the Mule. And he was thoroughly pleased at both successes. And now, for the first time, the Mule had summoned him to personal audience. His legs carried him down the long, glittering highway that led tautly to the sponge-aluminum spires that had been once the residence of the viceroy of Kalgan, who ruled under the old emperors; and that had been later the residence of the independent Princes of Kalgan, who ruled in their own name; and that was now the residence of the First Citizen of the Union, who ruled over an empire of his own. Channis hummed softly to himself. He did not doubt what this was all about. The Second Foundation, naturally! That all-embracing bogey, the mere consideration of which had thrown the Mule back from his policy of limitless expansion into static caution. The official term was – â€Å"consolidation.† Now there were rumors – you couldn't stop rumors. The Mule was to begin the offensive once more. The Mule had discovered the whereabouts of the Second Foundation, and would attack The Mule had come to an agreement with the Second Foundation and divided the Galaxy. The Mule had decided the Second Foundation did not exist and would take over all the Galaxy. No use listing all the varieties one heard in the anterooms. It was not even the first time such rumors had circulated. But now they seemed to have more body in them, and all the free, expansive Souls Who** thrived on war, military adventure, and political chaos and withered in times of stability and stagnant peace were joyful. Bail Channis was one of these. He did not fear the mysterious Second Foundation. For that matter, he did not fear the Mule, and boasted of it. Some, perhaps, who disapproved of one at once so young and so well-off, waited darkly for the reckoning with the gay ladies' man who employed his wit openly at the expense of the Mule's physical appearance and sequestered life. None dared join him and few dared laugh, but when nothing happened to him, his reputation rose accordingly. Channis was improvising words to the tune he was humming. Nonsense words with the recurrent refrain: â€Å"Second Foundation threatens the Nation and all of Creation.† He was at the palace. The huge, smooth door swung massively open at his approach and he entered. He stepped on to the wide, sweeping ramp that moved upward under him. He rose swiftly in the noiseless elevator. He stood before the small plain door of the Mule's own room in the highest glitter of the palace spires. It opened- The man who had no name other than the Mule, and no title other than First Citizen looked out through the one-way transparency of the wall to the light and lofty city on the horizon. In the darkening twilight, the stars were emerging, and not one but owed allegiance to him. He smiled with fleeting bitterness at the thought. The allegiance they owed was to a personality few had ever seen. He was not a man to look at, the Mule – not a man to look at without derision. Not more than one hundred and twenty pounds was stretched out into his five-foot-eight length. His limbs were bony stalks that jutted out of his scrawniness in graceless angularity. And his thin face was nearly drowned out in the prominence of a fleshy beak that thrust three inches outward. Only his eyes played false with the general farce that was the Mule. In their softness – a strange softness for the Galaxy's greatest conqueror – sadness was never entirely subdued. In the city was to be found all the gaiety of a luxurious capital on a luxurious world. He might have established his capital on the Foundation, the strongest of his now-conquered enemies, but it was far out on the very rim of the Galaxy. Kalgan, more centrally located, with a long tradition as aristocracy's playground, suited him better – strategically. But in its traditional gaiety, enhanced by unheard-of prosperity, he found no peace. They feared him and obeyed him and, perhaps, even respected him – from a goodly distance. But who could look at him without contempt? Only those he had Converted. And of what value was their artificial loyalty? It lacked flavor. He might have adopted titles, and enforced ritual and invented elaborations, but even that would have changed nothing. Better – or at least, no worse – to be simply the First Citizen – and to hide himself. There was a sudden surge of rebellion within him – strong and brutal. Not a portion of the Galaxy must be denied him, For five years he had remained silent and buried here on Kalgan because of the eternal, misty, space-ridden menace of the unseen, unheard, unknown Second Foundation. He was thirty-two. Not old – but he felt old. His body, whatever its mutant mental powers, was physically weak. Every star! Every star he could see – and every star he couldnt see. It must all be his! Revenge on all. On a humanity of which he wasn't a part. On a Galaxy in which he didn't fit. The cool, overhead warning light flickered. He could follow the progress of the man who had entered the palace, and simultaneously, as though his mutant sense had been enhanced and sensitized in the lonely twilight, he felt the wash of emotional content touch the fibers of his brain. He recognized the identity without an effort. It was Pritcher. Captain Pritcher of the one-time Foundation. The Captain Pritcher who had been ignored and passed over by the bureaucrats of that decaying government. The Captain Pritcher whose job as petty spy he had wiped out and whom he had lifted from its slime. The Captain Pritcher whom he had made first colonel and then general; whose scope of activity he had made Galaxywide. The now-General Pritcher who was, iron rebel though he began, completely loyal. And yet with all that, not loyal because of benefits gained, not loyal out of gratitude, not loyal as a fair return – but loyal only through the artifice of Conversion. The Mule was conscious of that strong unalterable surface layer of loyalty and love that colored every swirl and eddy of the emotionality of Han Pritcher – the layer he had himself implanted five years before. Far underneath there were the original traces of stubborn individuality, impatience of rule, idealism – but even he, himself, could scarcely detect them any longer. The door behind him opened, and he turned. The transparency of the wall faded to opacity, and the purple evening light gave way to the whitely blazing glow of atomic power. Han Pritcher took the seat indicated. There was neither bowing, nor kneeling nor the use of honorifics in private audiences with the Mule. The Mule was merely â€Å"First Citizen.† He was addressed as â€Å"sir.† You sat in his presence, and you could turn your back on him if it so happened that you did. To Han Pritcher this was all evidence of the sure and confident power of the man. He was warmly satisfied with it. The Mule said: â€Å"Your final report reached me yesterday. I can't deny that I find it somewhat depressing, Pritcher.† The general's eyebrows closed upon each other: â€Å"Yes, I imagine so – but I don't see to what other conclusions I could have come. There just isn't any Second Foundation, sir.† Arid the Mule considered and then slowly shook his head, as he had done many a time before: â€Å"There's the evidence of Ebling Mis. There is always the evidence of Ebling Mis.† It was not a new story. Pritcher said without qualification: â€Å"Mis may have been the greatest psychologist of the Foundation, but he was a baby compared to Hari Seldon. At the time he was investigating Seldon's works, he was under the artificial stimulation of your own brain control. You may have pushed him too far. He might have been wrong. Sir, he must have been wrong.† The Mule sighed, his lugubrious face thrust forward on its thin stalk of a neck. â€Å"If only he had lived another minute. He was on the point of telling me where the Second Foundation was. He knew, I'm telling you. I need not have retreated. I need not have waited and waited. So much time lost. Five years gone for nothing.† Pritcher could not have been censorious over the weak longing of his ruler; his controlled mental make-up forbade that. He was disturbed instead; vaguely uneasy. He said: â€Å"But what alternative explanation can there possibly be, sir? Five times I've gone out. You yourself have plotted the routes. And I've left no asteroid unturned. It was three hundred years ago that Hari Seldon of the old Empire supposedly established two Foundations to act as nuclei of a new Empire to replace the dying old one. One hundred years after Seldon, the First Foundation – the one we know so well – was known through all the Periphery. One hundred fifty years after Seldon – at the time of the last battle with the old Empire – it was known throughout the Galaxy. And now it's three hundred years – and where should this mysterious Second be? In no eddy of the Galactic stream has it been heard of.† â€Å"Ebling Mis said it kept itself secret. Only secrecy can turn its weakness to strength.† â€Å"Secrecy as deep as this is past possibility without nonexistence as well.† The Mule looked up, large eyes sharp and wary. â€Å"No. It does exist.† A bony finger pointed sharply. â€Å"There is going to be a slight change in tactics.† Pritcher frowned. â€Å"You plan to leave yourself? I would scarcely advise it.† â€Å"No, of course not. You will have to go out once again – one last time. But with another in joint command.† There was a silence, and Pritcher's voice was hard, â€Å"Who, Sir?† â€Å"There's a young man here in Kalgan. Bail Channis.† â€Å"I've never heard of him, Sir.† â€Å"No, I imagine not. But he's got an agile mind, he's ambitious – and he's not Converted.† Pritcher's long jaw trembled for a bare instant, â€Å"I fail to see the advantage in that.† â€Å"There is one, Pritcher. You're a resourceful and experienced man. You have given me good service. But you are Converted. Your motivation is simply an enforced and helpless loyalty to myself. When you lost your native motivations, you lost something, some subtle drive, that I cannot possibly replace.† â€Å"I don't feel that, Sir,† said Pritcher grimly. â€Å"I recall myself quite well as I was in the days when I was an enemy of yours. I feel none the inferior.† â€Å"Naturally not,† and the Mule's mouth twitched into a smile. â€Å"Your judgment in this matter is scarcely objective. This Channis, now, is ambitious – for himself. He is completely trustworthy – out of no loyalty but to himself. He knows that it is on my coattails that he rides and he would do anything to increase my power that the ride might be long and far and that the destination might be glorious. If he goes with you, there is just that added push behind his seeking – that push for himself.' â€Å"Then,† said Pritcher. still insistent, â€Å"why not remove my own Conversion, if you think that will improve me. I can scarcely be mistrusted, now.† â€Å"That never, Pritcher. While you are within arm's reach, or blaster reach, of myself, you will remain firmly held in Conversion. If I were to release you this minute, I would be dead the next.† The general's nostrils flared. â€Å"I am hurt that you should think so.† â€Å"I don't mean to hurt you, but it is impossible for you to realize what your feelings would be if free to form themselves along the lines of your natural motivation. The human mind resents control. The ordinary human hypnotist cannot hypnotize a person against his will for that reason. I can, because I'm not a hypnotist, and, believe me, Pritcher, the resentment that you cannot show and do not even know you possess is something I wouldn't want to face.† Pritcher's head bowed. Futility wrenched him and left him gray and haggard inside. He said with an effort, â€Å"But how can you trust this man. I mean, completely – as you can trust me in my Conversion.† â€Å"Well, I suppose I can't entirely. That is why you must go with him. You see, Pritcher,† and the Mule buried himself in the large armchair against the soft back of which he looked like an angularly animated toothpick, â€Å"if he should stumble on the Second Foundation – if it should occur to him that an arrangement with them might be more profitable than with me – You understand?† A profoundly satisfied light blazed in Pritcher's eyes. â€Å"That is better, Sir.† â€Å"Exactly. But remember, he must have a free rein as far as possible.† â€Å"Certainly.† â€Å"And†¦ uh†¦ Pritcher. The young man is handsome, pleasant and extremely charming. Don't let him fool you. He's a dangerous and unscrupulous character. Don't get in his way unless you're prepared to meet him properly. That's all.† The Mule was alone again. He let the lights die and the wall before him kicked to transparency again. The sky was purple now, and the city was a smudge of light on the horizon. What was it all for? And if he were the master of all there was – what then? Would it really stop men like Pritcher. from being straight and tall, self-confident, strong? Would Bail Channis lose his looks? Would he himself be other than he was? He cursed his doubts. What was he really after? The cool, overhead warning light flickered. He could follow the progress of the man who had entered the palace and, almost against his will, he felt the soft wash of emotional content touch the fibers of his brain. He recognized the identity without an effort. It was Channis. Here the Mule saw no uniformity, but the primitive diversity of a strong mind, untouched and unmolded except by the manifold disorganizations of the Universe. It writhed in floods and waves. There was caution on the surface, a thin, smoothing effect, but with touches of cynical ribaldry in the hidden eddies of it. And underneath there was the strong flow of self-interest and self-love, with a gush of cruel humor here and there, and a deep, still pool of ambition underlying all. The Mule felt that he could reach out and dam the current, wrench the pool from its basin and turn it in another course, dry up one flow and begin another. But what of it? If he could bend Channis' curly head in the profoundest adoration, would that change his own grotesquerie that made him shun the day and love the night, that made him a recluse inside an empire that was unconditionally big? The door behind him opened, and he turned. The transparency of the wall faded to opacity, and the darkness gave way to the whitely blazing artifice of atomic power. Bail Channis sat down lightly and said: â€Å"This is a not-quite-unexpected honor, sir.† The Mule rubbed his proboscis with all four fingers at once and sounded a bit irritable in his response. â€Å"Why so, young man?† â€Å"A hunch, I suppose. Unless I want to admit that I've been listening to rumors.† â€Å"Rumors? Which one of the several dozen varieties are you referring to?† â€Å"Those that say a renewal of the Galactic Offensive is being planned. It is a hope with me that such is true and that I might play an appropriate part.† â€Å"Then you think there is a Second Foundation?† â€Å"Why not? It would make things so much more interesting.† â€Å"And you find interest in it as well?† â€Å"Certainly. In the very mystery of it! What better subject could you find for conjecture? The newspaper supplements are full of nothing else lately – which is probably significant. The Cosmos had one of its feature writers compose a weirdie about a world consisting of beings of pure mind – the Second Foundation, you see – who had developed mental force to energies large enough to compete with any known to physical science. Spaceships could be blasted light-years away, planets could be turned out of their orbits-â€Å" â€Å"Interesting. Yes. But do you have any notions on the subject? Do you subscribe to this mind-power notion?' â€Å"Galaxy, no! Do you think creatures like that would stay on their own planet? No, sir. I think the Second Foundation remains hidden because it is weaker than we think.† â€Å"In that case, I can explain myself very easily. How would you like to head an expedition to locate the Second Foundation?† For a moment Channis seemed caught up by the sudden rush of events at just a little greater speed than he was prepared for. His tongue had apparently skidded to a halt in a lengthening silence. The Mule said dryly: â€Å"Well?† Channis corrugated his forehead. â€Å"Certainly. But where am I to go? Have you any information available?† â€Å"General Pritcher will be with you-â€Å" â€Å"Then I'm not to head it?† â€Å"Judge for yourself when I'm done. Listen, you're not of the Foundation. You're a native of Kalgan, aren't you? Yes. Well, then, your knowledge of the Seldon plan may be vague. When the first Galactic Empire was falling, Hari Seldon and a group of psychohistorians, analyzing the future course of history by mathematical tools no longer available in these degenerate times, set up two Foundations, one at each end of the Galaxy, in such a way that the economic and sociological forces that were slowly evolving, would make them serve as foci for the Second Empire. Hari Seldon planned on a thousand years to accomplish that – and it would have taken thirty thousand without the Foundations. But he couldn't count on me. I am a mutant and I am unpredictable by psychohistory which can only deal with the average reactions of numbers. Do you understand?† â€Å"Perfectly, sir. But how does that involve me?' â€Å"You'll understand shortly. I intend to unite the Galaxy now – and reach Seldon's thousand-year goal in three hundred. One Foundation – the world of physical scientists – is still flourishing, under me. Under the prosperity and order of the Union, the atomic weapons they have developed are capable of dealing with anything in the Galaxy – except perhaps the Second Foundation. So I must know more about it. General Pritcher is of the definite opinion that it does not exist at all. I know otherwise.† Channis said delicately: â€Å"How do you know, sir?† And the Mule's words were suddenly liquid indignation: â€Å"Because minds under my control have been interfered with. Delicately! Subtly! But not so subtly that I couldn't notice. And these interferences are increasing, and hitting valuable men at important times. Do you wonder now that a certain discretion has kept me motionless these years? â€Å"That is your importance. General Pritcher is the best man left me, so he is no longer safe. Of course, he does not know that. But you are Unconverted and therefore not instantly detectable as a Mule's man. You may fool the Second Foundation longer than one of my own men would – perhaps just sufficiently longer. Do you understand?† â€Å"Um-m-m. Yes. But pardon me, sir, if I question you. How are these men of yours disturbed, so that I might detect change in General Pritcher, in case any occurs. Are they Unconverted again? Do they become disloyal?† â€Å"No. I told you it was subtle. It's more disturbing than that, because its harder to detect and sometimes I have to wait before acting, uncertain whether a key man is being normally erratic or has been tampered with. Their loyalty is left intact, but initiative and ingenuity are rubbed out. I'm left with a perfectly normal person, apparently, but one completely useless. In the last year, six have been so treated. Six of my best.† A corner of his mouth lifted. â€Å"They're in charge of training bases now – and my most earnest wishes go with them that no emergencies come up for them to decide upon.† â€Å"Suppose, sir†¦ suppose it were not the Second Foundation. What if it were another, such as yourself – another mutant?† â€Å"The planning is too careful, too long range. A single man would be in a greater hurry. No, it is a world, and you are to be my weapon against it.† Channis' eyes shone as he said: â€Å"I'm delighted at the chance.† But the Mule caught the sudden emotional upwelling. He said: â€Å"Yes, apparently it occurs to you, that you will perform a unique service, worthy of a unique reward – perhaps even that of being my successor. Quite so. But there are unique punishments, too, you know. My emotional gymnastics are not confined to the creation of loyalty alone.† And the little smile on his thin lips was grim, as Channis leaped out of his seat in horror. For just an instant, just one, flashing instant, Channis had felt the pang of an overwhelming grief close over him. It had slammed down with a physical pain that had blackened his mind unbearably, and then lifted. Now nothing was left but the strong wash of anger. The Mule said: â€Å"Anger won't help†¦ yes, you're covering it up now, aren't you? But I can see it. So just remember – that sort of business can be made more intense and kept up. I've killed men by emotional control, and there's no death crueler.† He paused: â€Å"That's all!† The Mule was alone again. He let the lights die and the wall before him kicked to transparency again. The sky was black, and the rising body of the Galactic Lens was spreading its bespanglement across the velvet depths of space. All that haze of nebula was a mass of stars so numerous that they melted one into the other and left nothing but a cloud of light. And all to be his- And now but one last arrangement to make, and he could sleep. First Interlude The Executive Council of the Second Foundation was in session. To us they are merely voices. Neither the exact scene of the meeting nor the identity of those present are essential at the point. Nor, strictly speaking, can we even consider an exact reproduction of any part of the session – unless we wish to sacrifice completely even the minimum comprehensibility we have a right to expect. We deal here with psychologists – and not merely psychologists. Let us say, rather, scientists with a psychological orientation. That is, men whose fundamental conception of scientific philosophy is pointed in an entirely different direction from all of the orientations we know. The â€Å"psychology† of scientists brought up among the axioms deduced from the observational habits of physical science has only the vaguest relationship to PSYCHOLOGY. Which is about as far as I can go in explaining color to a blind man – with myself as blind as the audience. The point being made is that the minds assembled understood thoroughly the workings of each other, not only by general theory but by the specific application over a long period of these theories to particular individuals. Speech as known to us was unnecessary. A fragment of a sentence amounted almost to long-winded redundancy. A gesture, a grunt, the curve of a facial line – even a significantly timed pause yielded informational juice. The liberty is taken, therefore, of freely translating a small portion of the conference into the extremely specific word-combinations necessary to minds oriented from childhood to a physical science philosophy, even at the risk of losing the more delicate nuances. There was one â€Å"voice† predominant, and that belonged to the individual known simply as the First Speaker. He said: â€Å"It is apparently quite definite now as to what stopped the Mule in his first mad rush. I can't say that the matter reflects credit upon†¦ well, upon the organization of the situation. Apparently, he almost located us, by means of the artificially heightened brain-energy of what they call a ‘psychologist' on the First Foundation. This psychologist was killed just before he could communicate his discovery to the Mule. The events leading to that killing were completely fortuitous for all calculations below Phase Three. Suppose you take over.† It was the Fifth Speaker who was indicated by an inflection of the voice. He said, in grim nuances: â€Å"It is certain that the situation was mishandled. We are, of course, highly vulnerable under mass attack, particularly an attack led by such a mental phenomenon as the Mule. Shortly after he first achieved Galactic eminence with the conquest of the First Foundation, half a year after to be exact, he was on Trantor. Within another half year he would have been here and the odds would have been stupendously against us – 96.3 plus or minus 0.05% to be exact. We have spent considerable time analyzing the forces that stopped him. We know, of course, what was driving him on so in the first place. The internal ramifications of his physical deformity and mental uniqueness are obvious to all of us. However, it was only through penetration to Phase Three that we could determine – after the fact – tbe possibility of his anomalous action in the presence of another human b eing who had an honest affection for him. â€Å"And since such an anomalous action would depend upon the presence of such another human being at the appropriate time, to that extent the whole affair was fortuitous. Our agents are certain that it was a girl that killed the Mule's psychologist – a girl for whom the Mule felt trust out of sentiment, and whom he, therefore, did not control mentally – simply because she liked him. â€Å"Since that event – and for those who want the details, a mathematical treatment of the subject has been drawn up for the Central Library – which warned us, we have held the Mule off by unorthodox methods with which we daily risk SeIdon's entire scheme of history. That is all.† The First Speaker paused an instant to allow the individuals assembled to absorb the full implications. He said: â€Å"The situation is then highly unstable. With Seldon's original scheme bent to the fracture point – and I must emphasize that we have blundered badly in this whole matter, in our horrible lack of foresight – we are faced with an irreversible breakdown of the Plan. Time is passing us by. I think there is only one solution left us – and even that is risky. â€Å"We must allow the Mule to find us – in a sense.† Another pause, in which he gathered the reactions, then: â€Å"I repeat – in a sense!†